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First discovery of sperm
Human sperm were first discovered by a student of Antonij van Leeuwenhoek in 1677 in the
city of Delft. The
name of the student is not known for certain: he is variously written up as Ludwig Hamm, van
Hamm or von
Hammen. According to some writers he is a Dutchman, to others a German. One day he
brought to the
acknowledged master of microscopy, Leeuwenhoek, a bottle containing semen and pointed
out that small animals
could be seen moving about in the ejaculate. Van Leeuwenhoek went on to study the seminal
emissions from a
wide range of sick and healthy men; in the semen of them all the odd creatures could be
detected. He described
his findings to the Royal Society in London
I have seen so excessively great a quantity of living animalcules that I am much astonished
by it. I can say without
exaggeration that in a bit of matter no longer than a grain of sand more than fifty thousand
animalcules were
present, whose shape I can compare with nought better than with our river eel. These
animalcules move about
with uncommon vigour and in some places clustered so thickly together that they formed a
single dark mass.
After a short time they separated. In fine, these animals astonished my eye more than aught I
had seen before.
Of course at the end of the seventeenth century there was still a mystery as to what sperm
actually were. Some
thought them to be parasites in the seminal fluid - and saliva and urine and other bodily
secretions were quickly
examined in the search for more sperm. Others thought them coagulating agents.
[image]
A student of Leeowenhoek (below, with his microscope) is credited with the first
discovery of sperm. Right up
to the end of 17th c., male spermatozoa was surrounded by mystery. Right, as it was
understood by Uartsoeher
(1655 1725).